Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common nerve-related conditions that affects hand function. It occurs when the median nerve, which runs through the carpal tunnel in the wrist, becomes compressed or pinched. This condition often leads to pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and arm, significantly affecting daily activities and quality of life.

In this comprehensive guide, we will explore everything you need to know about Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, including its symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnostic methods, and both surgical and non-surgical treatment options.

What Is the Carpal Tunnel?

The carpal tunnel is a narrow, rigid passageway located on the palm side of the wrist. It is surrounded by carpal bones and the transverse carpal ligament. Within this tunnel lies the median nerve and nine flexor tendons responsible for finger movement.

The median nerve provides sensation to the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger. It also controls some muscles at the base of the thumb. When the carpal tunnel narrows or tissues swell, it puts pressure on the median nerve—causing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

What Is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a compression neuropathy—a condition where a nerve is compressed or squeezed. This can result in pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers. The symptoms usually affect the thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers but can radiate up the arm in more severe cases.

Signs and Symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Recognizing the early symptoms of CTS is crucial for preventing permanent nerve damage. Common signs include:

1. Numbness or Tingling

• Commonly felt in the thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers.

• Often occurs during activities like holding a phone, driving, or typing.

2. Pain in the Wrist or Hand

• May radiate up the forearm.

• Often worse at night or after repetitive use.

3. Weakness

• Difficulty gripping objects or performing fine motor tasks.

• Dropping items due to decreased hand strength.

4. Swollen Feeling

• Some patients feel like their fingers are swollen, even if no swelling is visible.

5. Flick Sign

• Shaking the hand (“flicking” motion) often relieves symptoms temporarily.

Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

CTS can occur due to a variety of reasons:

1. Repetitive Hand Use

• Continuous movements like typing, assembly line work, or using vibrating tools.

2. Wrist Anatomy

• A smaller carpal tunnel or anatomical abnormalities can compress the nerve.

3. Medical Conditions

• Diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, high blood pressure, and rheumatoid arthritis.

4. Hormonal Changes

• Pregnancy and menopause can cause fluid retention, increasing pressure in the tunnel.

5. Trauma or Injury

• Wrist fractures or dislocations.

6. Cysts or Tumors

• Growths within the tunnel may obstruct the nerve.

Risk Factors

Several factors increase the risk of developing CTS:

• Gender: Women are more likely to develop CTS than men.

• Age: Most common in people aged 30 to 60.

• Obesity: Increases fluid retention and pressure.

• Workplace Ergonomics: Poor posture and improper wrist positioning.

How Is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Diagnosed?

At Sparsh Diagnostic Centre, we use a combination of clinical evaluation and advanced imaging to diagnose CTS accurately.

1. Physical Examination

• Checking for symptoms through Tinel’s sign or Phalen’s maneuver.

2. Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS)

• Measures the speed of electrical impulses through the median nerve.

3. Electromyography (EMG)

• Evaluates the electrical activity of muscles.

4. Ultrasound or MRI

• To assess structural abnormalities in the wrist.

Musculoskeletal Ultrasound is particularly useful and non-invasive for detecting median nerve swelling.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome vs Other Conditions

CTS must be differentiated from other conditions such as:

• Cervical radiculopathy (pinched nerve in the neck)

• Diabetic neuropathy

• Tendonitis or arthritis

Proper diagnosis is key to effective treatment.

Treatment Options for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Treatment depends on the severity and duration of symptoms.

A. Non-Surgical Treatments

1. Wrist Splinting

• Especially at night to keep the wrist in a neutral position.

2. Lifestyle Modifications

• Ergonomic changes, taking frequent breaks, and hand exercises.

3. Medications

• NSAIDs like ibuprofen to relieve pain and inflammation.

4. Steroid Injections

• Corticosteroids reduce swelling around the median nerve.

5. Physiotherapy

• Nerve gliding exercises to improve flexibility and reduce pressure.

B. Surgical Treatments

If symptoms persist or worsen, surgery may be required.

1. Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery

• Involves cutting the ligament pressing on the median nerve.

• Can be done as:

  • Open surgery

  • Endoscopic surgery (minimally invasive)

Postoperative physiotherapy may be required for optimal recovery.

Recovery and Prognosis

• Non-surgical treatments work well in early to moderate cases.

• Surgery is typically successful, with relief from symptoms in over 90% of cases.

• Recovery times vary: 1–2 weeks for light activities, several months for full function.

Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to prevent permanent nerve damage.

Prevention of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

While CTS cannot always be prevented, the following measures can reduce the risk:

• Maintain neutral wrist posture during activities.

• Use ergonomic tools and keyboards.

• Take frequent breaks during repetitive tasks.

• Perform hand and wrist stretches.

• Maintain a healthy weight and manage underlying conditions like diabetes.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Pregnancy

CTS is common in pregnancy due to fluid retention. Symptoms often resolve after childbirth, but wrist splints and lifestyle changes can provide temporary relief.

When to See a Doctor

You should consult a doctor if you experience:

• Persistent tingling or numbness.

• Weakness in hand grip.

• Symptoms interfering with daily activities or sleep.

Early intervention by professionals like those at Sparsh Diagnostic Centre can help avoid complications and ensure the best outcomes.

Why Choose Sparsh Diagnostic Centre?

At Sparsh Diagnostic Centre, we provide:

• Expert neurologist and orthopedic consultations.

• State-of-the-art diagnostic imaging including ultrasound and nerve conduction studies.

• Personalized treatment plans and physiotherapy guidance.

• Convenient timings:
  Mon to Sat: 7 AM to 9 PM
  Sunday: 7 AM to 3 PM

📞 Contact us: 9830117733 / 8335049501
🌐 Visit us: Sparsh Diagnostic Centre

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome may seem like a minor inconvenience at first, but if left untreated, it can lead to permanent nerve damage and loss of hand function. By understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options, you can take the necessary steps to protect your hand health.

If you’re experiencing symptoms of CTS, don’t ignore them. Reach out to Sparsh Diagnostic Centre for a timely diagnosis and expert care.

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Disclaimer:

No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician.