Early labour is the initial stage of the birthing process, marking the transition from pregnancy to childbirth. It can begin hours, days, or even weeks before active labour and is characterized by various physical and emotional changes in the body. Recognizing these early signs can help expectant mothers prepare for the arrival of their baby and know when it’s time to seek medical care.
In this blog, we will explore the key signs and symptoms of early labour, the causes behind it, how to distinguish true labour from false alarms, and what steps to take when it begins.
What is Early Labour?
Early labour, also known as the latent phase of labour, is the first stage of the birthing process where the cervix begins to soften, shorten, and dilate. It usually occurs before active labour starts. This phase can last for hours or even days, especially for first-time mothers.
During this stage, contractions are typically mild and irregular but gradually become stronger, more frequent, and more organized over time.
Common Signs and Symptoms of Early Labour
The signs may vary from woman to woman, but the following are commonly observed and often appear in combination:
1. Weight Loss
Many pregnant women experience a slight weight loss (usually 0.5 to 1.5 kilograms) in the days leading up to labour. This may result from hormonal changes that cause the body to shed excess fluid.
2. Nesting Instincts
The nesting instinct is a sudden burst of energy and an urge to clean, organize, and prepare the home for the new baby. While this behaviour is harmless, it often occurs in the final days before labour begins.
3. Diarrhea
Hormonal changes can relax the muscles of the digestive tract, causing frequent bowel movements or diarrhea. It’s the body’s way of clearing out the intestines to make space for childbirth.
4. Fatigue
Despite the energy boost from nesting, many women feel extremely tired or fatigued in early labour. This is due to physical stress and hormonal fluctuations in preparation for delivery.
5. Baby Drops (Lightening)
Lightening refers to the moment the baby drops lower into the pelvis. This can happen a few weeks or a few hours before labour begins and may lead to easier breathing but increased pressure on the bladder.
6. Loosened Joints
A pregnant woman’s body releases the hormone relaxin, which softens and loosens joints and ligaments. This change is essential for the pelvis to expand during childbirth but may cause a wobbly gait or joint discomfort.
7. Cervical Changes
While not visually apparent, early labour involves cervical effacement and dilation. These changes can be confirmed during a pelvic exam by a healthcare provider.
8. Bloody Show
The mucus plug that seals the cervix may be discharged, often tinged with blood. This “bloody show” is a sign that the cervix is starting to open.
9. Contractions
Mild, irregular contractions are a hallmark of early labour. These may feel like menstrual cramps and gradually become more intense and regular as labour progresses.
10. Lower Back Pain and Pelvic Pressure
Increasing pressure in the lower back and pelvis is common as the baby shifts position and descends into the birth canal.
What Causes Early Labour?
Several factors contribute to the onset of early labour:
Hormonal Signals: A rise in oxytocin and prostaglandins helps initiate contractions.
Fetal Maturity: The baby may release proteins or hormones that trigger labour.
Uterine Stretching: As the uterus stretches to accommodate the growing baby, it may begin contracting.
Placental Changes: Aging of the placenta may signal it’s time for delivery.
Physical Activity or Stress: Excessive physical stress can sometimes stimulate contractions.
Infections: Urinary tract or vaginal infections can trigger early labour in some cases.
Difference Between True Labour and False Labour
It’s easy to mistake false labour (Braxton Hicks contractions) for early labour. Here’s how to tell the difference:
| Feature | True Labour | False Labour |
|---|---|---|
| Contraction Pattern | Regular, get closer together | Irregular, no pattern |
| Intensity | Becomes stronger | Stays the same or fades |
| Discomfort Location | Starts in back, moves to front | Usually felt in the abdomen |
| Movement Effect | Doesn’t go away with movement | May stop with position change |
| Cervical Change | Dilates and effaces cervix | No cervical change |
If you’re unsure whether you’re in early labour or not, contact your healthcare provider.
When to Call Your Doctor or Go to the Hospital
While early labour can be managed at home, certain warning signs mean you should seek immediate medical help:
Contractions are consistently 5 minutes apart, lasting 60 seconds, for at least 1 hour (the 5-1-1 rule).
Your water breaks, especially if it’s green or foul-smelling.
You experience heavy bleeding (more than spotting).
You have a fever, severe headache, or vision changes.
You feel reduced fetal movement.
You have a history of preterm labour or complications.
How to Manage Early Labour at Home
Unless advised otherwise by your healthcare provider, early labour can often be managed comfortably at home:
1. Stay Hydrated
Drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration, which can worsen contractions.
2. Eat Light and Nutritious Meals
Eat small, easy-to-digest meals to keep your energy up without upsetting your stomach.
3. Practice Relaxation Techniques
Use breathing exercises, meditation, or prenatal yoga to manage stress and pain.
4. Take Warm Showers or Baths
A warm bath can soothe muscles and help you relax during the early phase of labour.
5. Walk or Change Positions
Gentle walking or changing positions can help encourage proper fetal positioning and labour progression.
6. Rest When Possible
Get as much rest as you can. Labour can be long, and conserving energy is crucial.
What Happens After Early Labour?
As early labour transitions into active labour, contractions become stronger, longer, and more frequent. This is when the cervix dilates beyond 4–6 cm, and you will likely be admitted to the hospital or birthing centre.
Active labour typically leads into the transition phase, the most intense part of labour, followed by the pushing stage, and finally, the birth of the baby.
Potential Complications of Early Labour
In some cases, labour may start too early, known as preterm labour (before 37 weeks of gestation). Risks include:
Premature birth
Low birth weight
Respiratory and neurological issues in the baby
If signs of preterm labour appear (such as persistent contractions or cervical changes before 37 weeks), immediate medical attention is needed.
Understanding the signs and symptoms of early labour helps expectant mothers feel more confident and prepared as they approach delivery. While many early labour signs are manageable at home, it’s essential to monitor changes closely and communicate with your healthcare provider.
Knowing what to expect can make a significant difference in your birthing experience. Whether it’s a sudden nesting instinct or light cramping, every signal your body gives you is part of the incredible journey toward welcoming your baby.
For expert Gynecological support and diagnostic services, visit Sparsh Diagnostic Centre.
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Stay informed. Stay healthy.
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Disclaimer:
No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician.
