Uterine fibroids

Uterine fibroids, medically known as leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. These fibroids consist mainly of smooth muscle and fibrous tissue. Although benign, they can lead to significant discomfort and affect a woman’s quality of life depending on their size, number, and location.

Fibroids are one of the most common gynecological conditions, especially in women of reproductive age. According to studies, up to 70–80% of women develop fibroids by the age of 50. However, not all fibroids cause symptoms — many are discovered incidentally during pelvic examinations or ultrasounds.

At Sparsh Diagnostic Centre, we provide comprehensive diagnostic and treatment services for uterine fibroids, ensuring early detection and effective management.

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that arise from the muscle layer (myometrium) of the uterus. They can vary greatly in size — from small nodules barely detectable by the human eye to large masses that can distort and enlarge the uterus.

Types of Uterine Fibroids

Depending on their location within the uterus, fibroids are classified into the following types:

1. Submucosal Fibroids:
   Develop beneath the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium) and may protrude into the uterine cavity. These are associated with heavy menstrual bleeding and fertility issues.

2. Intramural Fibroids:
   The most common type, found within the muscular wall of the uterus. They may cause pelvic pain, pressure, and heavy bleeding.

3. Subserosal Fibroids:
   Form on the outer surface of the uterus (under the serous membrane). These can grow large and cause pressure symptoms on nearby organs like the bladder and rectum.

4. Pedunculated Fibroids:
   Grow on a stalk (peduncle) extending from the uterine surface. These can twist, causing severe pain.

Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

Many women with fibroids may not experience any symptoms. However, when symptoms occur, they can significantly impact day-to-day life.

Common Symptoms Include:

• Abdominal or pelvic pain

• Low back pain

• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia)

• Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea)

• Constipation or bloating due to pressure on the intestines

• Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder

• Pain during intercourse (dyspareunia)

• Infertility or pregnancy complications

• Anemia (Iron Deficiency Anemia) due to heavy bleeding

The severity of symptoms depends on the number, size, and position of the fibroids.

Risk Factors for Uterine Fibroids

Several factors increase the likelihood of developing uterine fibroids:

1. Hormonal Factors:
   Estrogen and progesterone — the female reproductive hormones — promote the growth of fibroids. Hence, fibroids often enlarge during pregnancy and shrink after menopause.

2. Age:
   Fibroids are most common in women aged 30–50 years.

3. Family History:
   A woman whose mother or sister has fibroids is more likely to develop them.

4. Obesity:
   Higher body fat levels lead to increased estrogen production, raising fibroid risk.

5. Reproductive History:
   Women who have never given birth (nulliparous) are more likely to develop fibroids.

6. Lifestyle Factors:
   Lack of physical activity, high blood pressure, and diets rich in red meat and low in green vegetables and fruits are linked to higher risk.

7. Ethnicity:
   Studies show fibroids are more common and severe in women of African descent, though they occur across all ethnic groups.

Diagnosis of Uterine Fibroids

Early diagnosis is key to effective management. Fibroids are usually detected during routine pelvic exams or when investigating symptoms like heavy bleeding or infertility.

Diagnostic Tests Include:

1. Pelvic Examination:
   A gynecologist may feel irregularities in the shape of the uterus, suggesting fibroids.

2. Ultrasound (USG):
   A non-invasive imaging test that uses sound waves to create images of the uterus and confirm the presence, size, and location of fibroids.

3. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging):
   Provides detailed images, useful for mapping fibroids before surgery or advanced treatments.

4. Hysterosonography:
   Also known as saline infusion sonography — used to detect submucosal fibroids.

5. Hysteroscopy:
   A thin, lighted tube is inserted through the vagina into the uterus to directly visualize the uterine cavity.

6. Laparoscopy:
   A minimally invasive procedure to examine the outer surface of the uterus and other pelvic organs.

Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids

Treatment depends on factors such as the size and location of fibroids, symptom severity, patient’s age, and desire for future fertility.

1. Medications

Medications help manage symptoms but do not eliminate fibroids entirely.
Common options include:

• Hormonal Therapy:
  Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists can shrink fibroids temporarily.

• Oral Contraceptives or Progestins:
  Help control menstrual bleeding.

• Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs):
  Relieve pain.

• Iron Supplements:
  Manage anemia caused by heavy bleeding.

2. Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE)

A minimally invasive procedure where the blood supply to fibroids is blocked using small particles injected into uterine arteries. This causes the fibroids to shrink and die.

It’s an excellent option for women who wish to avoid surgery.

3. MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery (MRgFUS)

A non-invasive treatment that uses high-intensity ultrasound waves to destroy fibroid tissue under MRI guidance. It offers no incisions, minimal recovery time, and preserves fertility.

4. Myomectomy (Surgical Removal of Fibroids)

This surgery removes fibroids while keeping the uterus intact, making it suitable for women planning future pregnancies.
Myomectomy can be performed through:

• Laparoscopy (keyhole surgery)

• Hysteroscopy

• Open abdominal surgery (for large fibroids)

5. Hysterectomy

The complete removal of the uterus — the only definitive cure for fibroids. Recommended for women with severe symptoms who do not wish to have more children.

Complications of Uterine Fibroids

While most fibroids are benign, they can sometimes lead to complications such as:

• Severe anemia from heavy bleeding

• Infertility or recurrent miscarriages

• Urinary tract infections or bladder issues

• Pregnancy complications (preterm labour, placental abruption)

• Degeneration or twisting of fibroids causing acute pain

Prevention and Lifestyle Management

Although uterine fibroids cannot always be prevented, certain lifestyle measures may help reduce the risk:

• Maintain a healthy weight through diet and exercise.

• Include fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants.

• Limit red meat and alcohol consumption.

• Manage stress through yoga and relaxation techniques.

• Regular health check-ups and pelvic examinations for early detection.

At Sparsh Diagnostic Centre, our gynecologists recommend periodic screening for women at higher risk, especially those with family history or hormone-related conditions.

Living with Uterine Fibroids

For many women, fibroids are manageable through lifestyle adjustments, medication, and regular monitoring. However, if symptoms become disruptive — such as excessive bleeding, fatigue, or pain — seeking medical attention is crucial.

With modern, minimally invasive treatments available, women can now experience relief without undergoing major surgery.

Early diagnosis and timely treatment can help maintain fertility and improve quality of life.

Why Choose Sparsh Diagnostic Centre for Uterine Fibroid Care?

• Comprehensive diagnosis using advanced imaging modalities

• Experienced gynecologists specialized in fibroid management

• Modern treatment options

• Patient-centered care focusing on comfort, safety, and fertility preservation

Our experts ensure that every patient receives a customized treatment plan suited to her individual needs.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Are uterine fibroids cancerous?

No, fibroids are benign growths and almost never turn cancerous. However, very rarely, a cancerous tumor called leiomyosarcoma can develop in the uterus.

2. Can uterine fibroids cause infertility?

Yes. Depending on their size and location, fibroids can block the fallopian tubes, interfere with implantation, or alter the shape of the uterus, leading to infertility or miscarriages.

3. Do fibroids go away after menopause?

In most cases, fibroids shrink naturally after menopause as estrogen levels decline.

4. What foods should be avoided with uterine fibroids?

Limit processed foods, red meat, alcohol, and caffeine. Focus on a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

5. Can fibroids come back after treatment?

Yes, fibroids may recur after non-definitive treatments like myomectomy or embolization. Regular monitoring helps manage recurrence early.

6. How are fibroids diagnosed at Sparsh Diagnostic Centre?

We use high-resolution imaging modalities and hormonal assessments for precise diagnosis and effective treatment planning.

7. Is surgery the only option for fibroids?

No. Depending on the case, medications, embolization, or MR-guided focused ultrasound can effectively manage fibroids without major surgery.

Uterine fibroids are a common but manageable condition. Awareness, timely diagnosis, and modern treatment methods can significantly reduce discomfort and preserve reproductive health.

At Sparsh Diagnostic Centre, we are dedicated to providing advanced fibroid management through a combination of compassionate care, cutting-edge technology, and experienced specialists.

If you are experiencing symptoms like heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, or fertility issues, don’t ignore them — schedule a consultation today.

To consult a Gynecologist at Sparsh Diagnostic Centre for treatment of Uterine Fibroids, call our helpline number 9830117733.

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Disclaimer:

No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician.