Pregnancy is a period of anticipation, joy and profound changes for expectant mothers. However, for some, the path to motherhood can be derailed by a debilitating condition known as Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG). This severe form of morning sickness affects a small percentage of pregnant women and can be physically and emotionally demanding. In this blog, we will delve into the world of HG, shed light on its causes, symptoms and treatment, and offer support to those who may struggle with the condition.
Understanding Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Hyperemesis Gravidarum, often referred to as HG, is an extreme form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. While morning sickness is common in the early stages of pregnancy, HG goes beyond typical morning sickness symptoms in both severity and duration. It usually starts in the first trimester and in some cases can persist throughout the pregnancy.
Causes of HG
The exact cause of HG is not fully understood, but it is thought to be influenced by a combination of factors, including hormonal changes and an individual’s unique physiological response to pregnancy. An increased level of the hormone hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), which is produced during pregnancy, is thought to play a role. In addition, psychological factors and a family history of HG may increase the risk of developing this condition.
Symptoms
The hallmark of HG is severe and persistent nausea and vomiting. Unlike typical morning sickness, which often subsides after the first trimester, HG symptoms can continue into the second trimester and third trimester if left untreated. Some common symptoms of HG include:
Excessive vomiting: Women with HG may vomit several times a day, leading to dehydration and malnutrition.
Weight Loss: As a result of relentless vomiting, affected individuals may experience significant weight loss.
Dehydration: Severe and frequent vomiting can lead to dehydration, which, if left untreated, can pose serious health risks to both the mother and the developing baby.
Electrolyte imbalance: Persistent vomiting can result in an imbalance of essential electrolytes, which can be life-threatening.
Fatigue and weakness: The physical toll caused by HG often leaves women feeling extremely tired and weak.
Management and treatment
Treatment of HG typically involves a multifaceted approach aimed at relieving symptoms, preventing complications, and ensuring the well-being of both mother and unborn child. Some key strategies include:
Hydration and nutrition: Intravenous (IV) fluids and nutritional support may be necessary to maintain proper hydration and nutrition.
Medications: Antiemetics such as ondansetron may be prescribed to control nausea and vomiting.
Hospitalisation: In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage dehydration and provide round-the-clock care.
Lifestyle modifications: Rest, stress reduction, and dietary changes can help manage HG symptoms. Some women find relief from eating small, frequent meals and avoiding trigger foods.
Emotional support: Dealing with HG can be emotionally draining. Seeking support from doctors, family and support groups can be invaluable.
Hyperemesis Gravidarum is a challenging and often isolated condition that can significantly affect a woman’s pregnancy. However, with early recognition and proper treatment, the vast majority of women with HG can successfully navigate this difficult period and go on to have a healthy pregnancy and baby. If you or someone you know is suffering from HG, it is essential to seek medical help and support immediately. Remember that you are not alone and there are resources to help you through this difficult journey.
To consult a Gynecologist at Sparsh Diagnostic Centre, call our helpline number 9830117733.
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