Understanding Preeclampsia: A Silent Threat to Pregnancy

Preeclampsia is a potentially life-threatening condition that can affect pregnant individuals and their unborn babies. This blog aims to shed light on preeclampsia by providing an overview of its causes, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and the importance of early detection. By increasing awareness and understanding of this condition, we hope to enable expectant parents and healthcare professionals to take the necessary steps to effectively prevent and treat preeclampsia.

What is preeclampsia?

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related condition characterized by high blood pressure and organ damage, most commonly the liver and kidneys. It usually occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy and can develop rapidly. If left untreated, preeclampsia can lead to serious complications for both mother and baby. The exact cause of preeclampsia is still not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to problems with the placenta and the immune system.

Symptoms of preeclampsia

• High blood pressure: High blood pressure is a hallmark of preeclampsia. This may be the only noticeable symptom in some cases.
• Proteinuria: This is the presence of excess protein in the urine, which can be a sign of kidney damage.
• Swelling: In preeclampsia, there is frequent swelling or sudden swelling, especially of the hands and face.
• Headaches: Persistent and severe headaches that do not respond to over-the-counter pain relievers can be a warning sign.
• Vision changes: Blurred vision, sensitivity to light, or temporary vision loss may occur.
• Abdominal pain: Pain in the upper right part of the abdomen, just below the ribs, may indicate liver involvement.
• Decreased urination: Decreased urine output can be a sign of kidney dysfunction.

Risk factors for preeclampsia

While it can occur in any pregnancy, certain factors can increase the risk. These include:

• First pregnancy: Preeclampsia is more common in first pregnancies.
• Multiple pregnancies: Women carrying twins or higher-order multiple pregnancies are at increased risk.
• Family history: If your mother or sister had preeclampsia, you may be at higher risk.
• Chronic conditions: Pre-existing conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes and kidney disease can increase your risk.
• Age: Younger than 20 and older than 40 are more at-risk age groups.

Diagnostics and monitoring

Regular prenatal check-ups are necessary for the early detection of preeclampsia. Health care providers will monitor your blood pressure and check for protein in your urine during these visits. If symptoms or risk factors are present, additional tests such as blood tests, ultrasound, and liver function tests may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment and management

The treatment depends on its severity and the gestational age of the baby. Treatment options include:

• Bed rest: In mild cases, rest and avoidance of strenuous activity may be recommended.
• Medicines: Medicines to lower blood pressure and corticosteroids may be prescribed to help the baby’s lungs mature.
• Hospitalization: Severe preeclampsia may require hospitalization for close monitoring and potential premature delivery.
• Childbirth: In cases where the life of the mother or the health of the baby is at risk, childbirth may be necessary, even if it is before the full term.

Although preeclampsia cannot always be prevented, some steps can reduce the risk or help with early detection:

• Attend all prenatal visits.
• Eat a healthy diet and maintain a healthy weight.
• Stay physically active as recommended by your healthcare provider.
• Manage chronic conditions.
• Be aware of the symptoms and report any concerns immediately.

Preeclampsia is a serious condition, but with proper prenatal care and early intervention, outcomes can be improved. Understanding the symptoms, risk factors, and management options is essential for expectant parents and health care providers to ensure the health and well-being of both mother and baby during pregnancy.

To consult a Gynecologist at Sparsh Diagnostic Centre, call our helpline number 9830117733.

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