Molar Pregnancy

Molar pregnancy, also known as gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), is a rare and often misunderstood complication of pregnancy. It occurs when there is an abnormal growth of placental tissue in the uterus instead of a normal fetus. This condition can be emotionally and physically demanding for sufferers. In this blog we will dive into the causes, symptoms and treatment options for molar pregnancy.

Causes of molar pregnancy

GTD occur due to abnormalities in the fertilization process. There are two main types of molar pregnancies:

Complete molar pregnancy: In a complete molar pregnancy, there is no viable fetus. Instead, a cluster of abnormal cells forms in the uterus. This occurs when a sperm fertilizes an empty egg, resulting in the absence of normal fetal development.

Partial molar pregnancy: In a partial molar pregnancy, an abnormal cluster of cells develops and an embryo with severe abnormalities develops. This occurs when two sperm fertilize a single egg, resulting in an excess of genetic material.

These genetic abnormalities usually arise during conception, but the exact cause is often unknown. It is more common in women younger than 20 or older than 40 and women with a history of pregnancy with molars.

Symptoms of molar pregnancy

GTD can be difficult to detect as they often present with symptoms that mimic a normal pregnancy. However, there are key symptoms that may indicate a molar pregnancy, including:

• Vaginal bleeding that may be dark brown or bright red.
• Severe morning sickness (hyperemesis gravidarum).
• Rapid uterine growth and an unusually large uterus for gestational age.
• High blood pressure and symptoms similar to preeclampsia.
• Absence of fetal movement or heartbeat during prenatal checkups.

It is important to note that some of these symptoms are common in a normal pregnancy, so if you experience any of them, it is important to consult your Gynecologist for a proper diagnosis.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosing a molar pregnancy usually involves a combination of history, physical examination, and various tests. Your healthcare provider may:

• Ultrasound: This imaging technique can identify abnormal growth and rule out a normal pregnancy.
• Blood tests: Measuring human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels can help diagnose molar pregnancy. In a molar pregnancy, hCG levels are significantly higher than in a typical pregnancy.
• Tissue sampling: When a GTD is suspected, a tissue sample is taken from the uterus for confirmation by histological examination.

Once diagnosed, GTD is usually treated with a procedure called suction dilation and curettage (D&C). During this procedure, abnormal tissue is removed from the uterus. Monitoring of hCG levels is then necessary to ensure that no residual molar tissue remains.

In some cases, if the molar tissue has invaded the uterine muscle or if there are signs of persistent disease, further treatment such as chemotherapy may be necessary.

Emotional and psychological support

Coping with a GTD can be emotionally challenging. It is essential for individuals and their loved ones to seek emotional support during this time. Connecting with support groups, therapists, or counselors can provide a safe space to express feelings, fears, and anxieties.

Molar pregnancies are rare but significant medical events that can be emotionally and physically challenging for those affected. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for molar pregnancy is key to early diagnosis and appropriate care. If you or someone you know is experiencing any of these symptoms, it is vital to seek medical attention immediately. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most molar pregnancies can be resolved and individuals can go on to have healthy pregnancies in the future.

To consult a Gynecologist at Sparsh Diagnostic Centre, call our helpline number 9830117733.

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