Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. While it can also occur in men, the incidence is significantly higher in women. Early detection and advances in treatment have significantly improved survival rates, but understanding this complex disease remains crucial. This blog aims to provide a detailed overview of the cancer, including its types, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and preventive measures.

Types of Breast Cancer:

It is not a single disease but a group of diseases that develop from breast tissue cells. The main types include:

• Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): Non-invasive cancer where abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct but have not spread outside the duct.
• Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): The most common type of breast cancer, IDC starts in the milk ducts and invades nearby tissues.
• Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): Begins in the lobules (milk-producing glands) and can spread to other parts of the body.
• Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): Lacks estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors, making it harder to treat with hormone therapy.
• HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Characterized by an overexpression of the HER2 protein, leading to aggressive growth.
• Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A rare and aggressive form causing redness and swelling of the breast.

Risk Factors:

Several factors can increase the risk of developing breast cancer:

• Genetic Mutations: BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations significantly elevate the risk.
• Family History: A family history of breast cancer, especially in a first-degree relative, increases risk.
• Age: Risk increases with age, with most cases diagnosed in women over 50.
• Hormonal Factors: Early menstruation (before age 12), late menopause (after age 55), and hormone replacement therapy can increase risk.
• Lifestyle Factors: Obesity, lack of physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking.

Breast Cancer Symptoms:

Early-stage breast cancer may not cause any symptoms. As the cancer progresses, symptoms may include:

• A lump or thickening in the breast or underarm.
• Change in size, shape, or appearance of the breast.
• Dimpling or puckering of the skin.
• Nipple discharge or inversion.
• Redness or scaling of the nipple or breast skin.

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis involves several steps:

• Physical Examination: Clinical breast exam by a healthcare provider.
• Imaging Tests: Mammography, ultrasound, and MRI to detect abnormalities.
• Biopsy: Removal of tissue or fluid for microscopic examination to confirm cancer.
• Genetic Testing: For those with a strong family history or early-onset breast cancer, testing for BRCA mutations may be recommended.

Breast Cancer Treatment:

Treatment depends on the type and stage of the disease:

• Surgery: Lumpectomy (removal of the tumor and some surrounding tissue) or mastectomy (removal of one or both breasts).
• Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays to destroy cancer cells remaining after surgery.
• Chemotherapy: Drugs to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells.
• Hormone Therapy: For hormone receptor-positive cancers, drugs to block hormones that fuel cancer growth.
• Targeted Therapy: Drugs targeting specific characteristics of cancer cells, such as HER2 protein.
• Immunotherapy: Helps the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells.

Prevention:

While there’s no sure way to prevent the disease, certain measures can reduce risk:

• Healthy Lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy weight, regular physical activity, and a balanced diet.
• Limit Alcohol: Reducing alcohol consumption.
• Avoid Smoking: Not smoking or quitting smoking.
• Regular Screening: Mammograms and other screening tests for early detection.
• Genetic Counseling: For those with a family history, discussing genetic testing and preventive measures with a healthcare provider.

Breast cancer remains a significant health challenge, but advancements in detection and treatment have led to improved outcomes. Awareness, early detection, and a proactive approach to health can make a substantial difference. By staying informed and engaging in healthy practices, individuals can better manage their risk and support those affected by this disease.

Remember, regular check-ups and consultations with Doctors are key in the fight against breast cancer. Stay informed, stay healthy, and support research and initiatives aimed at eradicating this disease.

To get USG of Breast done or consult a Doctor at Sparsh Diagnostic Centre, call our helpline number 9830117733.

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Disclaimer:
No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician.